Life as a Teenager in 2014 Essay Example for Free

Life as a Teenager in 2014 Essay When I was younger, I always thought my parents knew everything and were never wrong. I believed that they never made mistakes, they were too old and wise. The same went for my teachers, older members of our extended family and just adults in general. I felt so safe, comforted by the fact that they knew and were in control, so I didn’t have to be. The older I became, the more I realized how faulty my ideas were. I never did become any wiser as I grew up; I had information and data that bombarded my brain and knowledge on how I must act to be socially accepted. I was told what I could do and what I mustn’t do. Perhaps I do know more about life and the world, but I don’t understand it; perhaps that is for the better. I remember when I first heard the song ‘Teenagers’ by My Chemical Romance, and I began to think about the meaning behind it. ‘Theyre gonna clean up your looks†¨With all the lies in the books†¨To make a citizen out of you†¨Because they sleep with a gun†¨And keep an eye on you, son†¨So they can watch all the things you do Because the drugs never work†¨Theyre gonna give you a smirk†¨Cause they’ve got methods of keeping you clean†¨Theyre gonna rip up your heads†¨Your aspirations to shreds†¨Another cog in the murder machine They say that teenagers scare the living s*** out of me†¨They could care less as long as someonell bleed†¨So darken your clothes or strike a violent pose†¨Maybe theyll leave you alone, but not me The boys and girls in the clique†¨The awful names that they stick†¨Youre never gonna fit in much, kid†¨But if youre troubled and hurt†¨What you got under your shirt†¨Well make them pay for the things that they did’ The song did change my view on how teenagers are seen by society, but not in a way that I expected. I think that the singer, Gerard Way, is exploring how society wants to change teenagers to make them do as they are told and fit in and do well at school. However, the more they do this, the more teenagers rebel. In the chorus, Way expresses his fear of teenagers, of their tendency to perhaps be unpredictable and violent. ‘So darken your clothes or strike a violent pose Maybe they’ll leave you alone, but not me’ I  think he is trying to put forward the idea that society might ignore them or leave them alone if they act threatening and imposing, but as he is an adult, he is expected to stay in line and meet the expectations of society. I think it’s difficult being a teenager. People don’t seem to realize or might have even forgotten. I am at the age where I am too old to rely on others and make mistakes but not old enough to take control of my life and look after myself. This time in my life that makes up my teenage years is important, and I want to make the most of that but I find myself overwhelmed by set backs and a severe lack of control. There are so many aspects of my life the government wants to control. They want to cram so many exams and so much work into these few short years of our lives that we find ourselves snowed under it all. It seems that these years of our lives are the most important. They define us and decide what our future holds. The pressure is on: if you fail your science G.C.S.E then you won’t be able to take it for A level. If you can’t take it for A level, you won’t be able to study it at university, or get a PHD, or ever become a doctor. The government has decided that exams mean everything. An A and an A* could mean the difference between your dream job and being unhappy for the rest of your life, stuck with a boring job that perhaps pays decently, becoming miserable and dying a failure. It’s too much. This has to be the reason why we find that more and more teenagers each year are turning to drugs, self harm, eating disorders and depression. Why does everyone question the rise in the number of these cases? Is it not obvious? Iâ€℠¢m sure it also has something to with the rise of the internet and everything that we are being exposed to. Quite frankly, we can’t cope with it. It seems that no one understands but teenagers themselves. Of course, it’s all quite a cliche to say that no one understands teenagers, but it does seem to be true. I wouldn’t say that all teenagers can’t cope and I realize that some cope better than others, but I know that our system isn’t working. Not the corrupt government with its exams and heavy pressure on students, and the not the corrupted internet with its social networking sites and pornographic images that seem to be everywhere. The adverts that tell us what a perfect person looks like are crushing and I find them insulting. There is a silent reminder that lingers in the air telling us to be normal, a clone of everyone else and to fit in. Some people come to a point in their life when they decide that enough  is enough and they wear what they want and act how they like. I have a theory that people are like sling shots: the more they are pulled back and restrained, the further they go when they are let go. They get to a point where they cannot be pulled back any further. This is when people pierce and tattoo their bodies or wear socially unacceptable clothing to show the world that they are not going to be told what to do. There are also the quiet ones who starve themselves to be in control, take drugs to take away the pain or self harm to prove that the pain they are feeling is not just in their heads, its real and they can control it. There are even people who work themselves sick to be in control of their future. What I find interesting is that every generation is different: each has its own pressures that differ from the last. Not long ago, I would have been expected to get married not too soon from now and raise a family, possibly with a man I didn’t even love. Only recently has homosexuality become socially and legally acceptable. So before, teenagers would have had trouble fitting in, or would have had to pretend to be heterosexual. We as teenagers never really have been in control and with a personality like mine, that can be extremely overwhelming. It seems now we are finding our voice and are able to express ourselves. I can see that there are positive aspects about being a teenager in this day and age: some of us turn to positive hobbies to take our minds off the stress of exams. More and more teenagers are relying on their great passion in life and developing it to take their mind off their diffic ulties. This might be music, cooking, writing, designing, drawing or sport. I still remember the first time I played the drums and I’ve never looked back. They made me love music even more and I started playing the guitar as well. I wrote songs and started to sing. Music became my obsession and it is one aspect of my life that I can control. I can do it myself without having to listen to the people who tell me what I should be listening to, what I should be playing or what I should be writing. I do believe that if nothing is going to change, then we all need something to turn to in life that reminds us we can cope. I know that it wouldn’t work for everyone, but perhaps people who take drugs could start drawing or painting. Instead of people focussing on their body weight they could start to cook their own food and be in control of that instead. People who self harm could write down their feelings or express it through music, or even go out and run off  their sadness. I think people need to remind themselves what makes them happy and if nothing does then they should find something. I know nothing will change for some time, but in the meantime we need to find a way to make the most of our teenage years.

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Manufacturing sector is the third largest sector of Pakistan after service and agriculture. It is playing a vital role in the economy of Pakistan; the 18.7% GDP of Pakistan is contributed by manufacturing sector (Ministry of finance, 2012). However, due to contemporary forces of globalization, technological changes and changing customer’s demands for better quality, this important sector of Pakistan is now facing intense competition. Corporate governance is the main key to survive in this turbulent environment. According to Shleifer and Vishny(1997), corporate governance is the controlled mechanism which protects the interest of investors by handlingagency problems. In other words, corporate governance is the system of check and balances on management actions (Larcker, 2011). A number of studies provided the evidence between independence and ownership structure and firm performance. But the results are mixed and cannot be generalized. For instance, several studies stated that opportunistic actions can be taken due to privileged information in case of stock ownership (Yermack, 1997; Bartov and Mohanram, 2004). And many other studies suggest that managerial ownership increases the shareholder wealth by removing the agency problem. Similarly, the results of the literature focusing on linkage of independence and ownership structure with capital structure are mixed (Krishnamoorthy&Maletta, 2012; Larcker, 2011). Considerable research work has been done on linkage of corporate governance structure with firm performance and capital structure, particularly, in developed countries. However, there has been modest research on the influence of corporate governance variables such as board independence, audit committee independence, managerial... ... annual reports of respective companies. Other financial data is collected the â€Å"Balance Sheet Analysis of Joint Stock Companies Listed at Karachi Stock Exchange† published by State Bank of Pakistan. Data for share price were collected through from website of KSE. 3.3. Research models and methodology Following equations are to be tested: EPSit = ÃŽ ²0 + ÃŽ ²1BIit+ ÃŽ ²2ACIit+ÃŽ ²3OCit+ÃŽ ²4MOit + ÃŽ µit Eq. 01 MBit= ÃŽ ²0 + ÃŽ ²1BIit+ ÃŽ ²2ACIit+ÃŽ ²3OCit +ÃŽ ²4MOit + ÃŽ µit Eq. 02 DRit = ÃŽ ²0 + ÃŽ ²1BIit+ ÃŽ ²2ACIit+ÃŽ ²3OCit +ÃŽ ²4MOit+ÃŽ µit Eq. 03 Where firm performance either measured by MB or EPS. MB is Market to Book Ratio, EPS is Earnings per Share andcapital structure is measured by debt ratio,ÃŽ ²0 is the intercept, ÃŽ ²1, ÃŽ ²2, ÃŽ ²3 and ÃŽ ²4are regression slope coefficients. As data used for study is of panel type, so we used panel data estimation methods. Fixed effects model is used to test the relationships.

Multiplier and Accelerator Theory Essay

Multiplier and accelerator theory The Keynesians, have offered a demand side explanation of the business cycle. According to them, the fluctuations in output and employment in the country are caused by fluctuations in aggregate demand. The ups and downs in aggregate demand are caused by changes in the volume of investment. The volume of investment is directly related to the marginal efficiency of capital. The investment increases in response to higher marginal efficiency of capital and decreases with the fall in the profit expectations of the entrepreneurs. The Keynesians further put forward the theory of multiplier which shows how the increase or decrease in investment causes multiplied changes in income and employment and thus heightens a boom or deepens a depression. The Keynesians failed as they did not explain the cyclical nature of the ups and downs in business cycle. J. R. Hicks and Professor Samuelson put forward a new theory of business cycle named as Multiplier and Accelerator Theory of business cycle.†¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Multiplier and Accelerator Theory†¨According to J. R. Hicks and Samuelson, the multiplier alone cannot explain the cyclical nature of the business cycle. It is the interaction between the multiplier and accelerator that explains the emergence of different phases of business cycle. The multiplier tells us that a change in the level of autonomous investment brings about a relatively greater change in the level of national income. The accelerator theory states that the current investment spending depends positively on the expected future growth of real GDP. When real GDP growth is expected to be high, firms anticipate that their investment in plants and equipment will be profitable. They, therefore, increase their total investment spending.†¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨The concept of accelerator is not rival to the concept of multiplier. They are parallel concepts. The multiplier shows the effect of changes in autonomous investment to changes in income’ and employment. The accelerator shows the effect of changes in income to changes in induced investment. Professor Samuelson and J. R. Hicks model of multiplier accelerator offers quite satisfactory explanation of explaining turning points to business cycle.†¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Interactive role of multiplier and accelerator.†¨The multiplier-accelerator interaction theory of business cycle is explained now in brief. Let us assume a certain amount of autonomous investment is injected into the economy. This would generate an expansion of income many  times greater than itself on account of the operation of the multiplier mechanism. The increase in income would lead to rise in demand for consumer goods. The increase in demand for consumer goods induces more investment in the capital goods industries. The increase in investment would be much more than the increase in demand for consumer goods owing to the operation of the accelerator. The interaction of the multiplier and accelerator sets in the upswing of the trade cycle.†¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨The rise in income and employment does not continue for a long time. The rise in income and employment progressively slows down. The reason is that the marginal propensity to consume starts declining with the rise in income in the upward swing of the business cycle. A decrease in consumption would result into a greater decrease in investment on account of reverse working of the accelerator A decrease in investment would lead to a greater decrease in income on account of the reverse working of the multiplier In short the combination of reverse working of the accelerator and multiplier sets in downward swing in the business cycle.†¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Interactive role of multiplier and accelerator†¨ †¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Ala = Increase in autonomous – investment†¨Ala = Increase in autonomous investment†¨Ay = Increase in income†¨Aid = Increase in induced investment †¨v = Size of the accelerator

The Lymphatic System - 862 Words

The health of our lymphatic system is vital to the health of our whole body. This system is critical to our body’s ability to detoxify and regenerate tissues, filter out toxins and foreign substances, recover crucial substances that have escaped from the blood, and maintain a healthy immune system. [pic] The Lymphatic system keeps the water of the body clean, and the pumping of the nodes during Lymphatic massage stimulates the production of various white blood cells and thus boosts the immune system. It is ideal for assisting the body during a cleanse or fast, as the nodes are where cell debris, and bacteria are broken down and processed, and invading organisms and disease cells are neutralized. It is safe for most everyone to receive,†¦show more content†¦This edema would causes tissue destruction or death, the problem is avoided by the presence of lymphatic vessels that act as drains to collect the excess fluid and return it to the venous blood just before it reaches the heart. Manual lymphatic drainage is a massage focused on the moving and draining of the lymph from the extremities into the nodes for processing and ultimately elimination. The natural movements of the body, such as walking, standing, deep breathing and rigorous exercise all aid the lymphatic process but correct massage more fully augments the finer workings of the lymph system. As there is not a pump in the system (like the heart in the circulatory system) the lymph is moved through the vessels when the surrounding skeletal muscle contracts, (physical activity). If there is a reduction of activity or if the system is overloaded through diet or pollutants, the lymph system becomes stagnated and the body is more prone to infection. Manual lymphatic drainage massage can be performed in a variety of ways. There is lymphatic pump manipulation done with a machine. 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